To measure perforations you need a perforation gauge. You can buy a metal one at any place that sells stamp collecting supplies, such as
Amos Advantage. These seem expensive to me since I think I paid 69c for mine back in the day. Here is a free perforation gauge (in a pdf file) you can print out at the
Dakshina Kannada Philatelic and Numismatic Association Web Site.
Watermarks can be seen when the stamp is placed face down in a black tray with a squirt of watermark fluid on it. Back in the old days we used benzene for detecting watermarks. This is no longer recommended because benzene is a carcinogen. Also in the old days I have seen some dealers use lighter fluid - not the BBQ kind, but the kind for refilling household cigarette lighters. This leaves a unpleasant smell, however, and I wouldn't recommend it. I think the best thing to do is to bite the bullet and buy a bottle of overpriced "safe" watermark fluid (which should last you many years) and a little black plastic tray or black ashtray. You can get watermark fluid at any dealer in stamp supplies (like
Amos Advantage).