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And when it might be considered that gum could provide the perfect culture medium for all sorts of nasties that can irretrievably damage a stamp,
In the right environment, yes. But in a normal, temperate environment, I think it unlikely.
Anecdotally speaking, take a look at the quality of Mint, OG US stamps from the 19th century. Even stamps with seriously compromised gum are generally sound.
Obviously, there are exceptions. Germany's OSTROPA sheet and Hindenburg airmail stamps have H2SO4 in the gum, and will eventually destroy the stamps. But I have yet to see a US stamp irreparably damaged by original gum.
If damage from original gum hasn't happened after a century, it most likely will not any time in the distant future ...
Brian