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Just wondering if there have been incidents where the expertising has been called into question.
Yes, doesn't happen often, but it does happen. Historically, it has happened more than a few times that: different reputable expertizing services yielded different opinions on the same stamp, expertizing services have actually rescinded a previously issued certificate, and expertizing services have mis-certified a stamp but the certificate was neither rescinded nor changed.
Before the turn of the century, there was a major dispute among several heavy hitters (collectors and dealers) in the US regarding different opinions provided by APS and PF on the same item. It got to the extent that some dealers refused to accept one of the certificates issuers when it came to returns! It was rather interesting during that time period to sit and examine some of the different opinions on the competing certificates!
More recently, there was a major uproar regarding the "certification" over in the UK of a 2nd find of the infamous British Guiana 1c magenta. So, it still happens! And of course, is the jury still out on the current GB penny red plate #77 find?
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If the parties may be dishonest, and someone counterfeits a stamp, or claims it to be a special variety that cannot be identified from visual inspection, what is stop them from counterfeiting an expertising certificate to go along with the bogus stamp?
Guess what? It happens. I wrote in another thread, on a major purchase, you should confirm the authenticity of the certificate with the issuer if the certificate plays the pivotal role in your decision to purchase. There ARE fake certificates -- trust me, they are easier to fake than the stamp. Usually, on these fake certificates, it's for an altered stamp in which the change is not at all obvious. So an outwardly appearing good stamp, along with what appears to be a certificate from a reputable expert...
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In fact, what is to stop anyone from putting out a "shingle" saying they are a stamp expertising service when they may not have a clue as to what they are doing?
Yeah that happens too. The number of reputable professional experts is finite, and well-known in philatelic circles. It takes a lot of time to build up a solid reputation, especially since nobody's perfect. If you run into an expertizer/certificate you've never heard of, ask around.
There was a very recent discussion elsewhere about the sudden appearance of "Sievert" certificates from Germany, especially since some of the certificates were glaringly incorrect. After some inquiries, it turns out the stamp seller and certificate maker were the same business. It was their way of "assuring" their buyers. Never mind the errors. The certificate is junk, merely a sales tactic.