Hello butterflyws6, welcome!

Stamp collecting or the study of stamps (philately) (not the true Greek word origin meaning but the general meaning) can be done in so many ways as there are people doing it.
You can sort them by Country or topic (birds, planes, ships, shapes, colours, royalty, bugs, chess, etc, etc or even by cancellations (cancels / postmarks) like I do. Every way is the right way.
Stamp catalogues (in libraries in the uSA by the name of Scott) list stamps by country and date of issue and number them and price them by how dealers sell them. More specialized cataloges (usually printed by country) than the big general world wide types are needed to delve deeper into the details of stamps, their perforations (edge holes), paper type, colours and shades, errors of printing, mint (new), used (cancelled), gum type for new, centering of the design on the stamp, condition of the stamp (rips, tears, creases, thins, etc devalue stamps a lot) and prices for these varieties.
You can collect without getting into the cataloges of course but as you get further and further in you will find a catalogue gives you information you might have been wondering about, if certain areas interest you, as Rod mentioned.
There is lots of information on Stamp Community but sometimes it is nice to have a glossary of terms (or just ask, questions are welcome here) and a few sites have lists of terms and explanations of what is what. Or read the first pages of any major catalogue and they explain things quite well usually.
Don't get bogged down in all the detail possible (and there is a lot for some), just have fun doing what you like to do and learn as you go. We are all still learning here and it is wonderful to have so many people who know about so many things look at stamps in different ways to bring some deatil or area to light that others have not looked into yet because they did not know about it.