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I wonder which country strayed from the classic airplane designs first.
This is a very interesting question, for which I do not know the answer.
This is a technicality, but after the invention of the airplane by the Wright Brothers, the first few airmail stamps (as defined by Scott) were actually overprinted stamps -- thus, no airplane in the design nor overprint.
The first was an overprinted special delivery stamp issued by Italy in May of 1917.
The next country to issue an airmail stamp was Austria in March of 1918; also an overprinted stamp.
The US was the first to issue a stamp designed specifically for airmail -- the 24c Jenny on May 13, 1918 (oddly enough, because it is the high value in the set, this stamp is not C1 but C3).
I'm not sure which was the first stamp not to show an airplane, but in 1923 the US issued the 8c radiator/propeller and 16c air service emblem, which technically do not show an airplane. There are a few subsequent examples in other countries after that in the 1920s and 1930s. Does anybody know any non-overprint examples BEFORE August of 1923?
What may be another good question is what was the first airmail stamp design (not overprint) that showed/commemorated something that had nothing to do with air flight (e.g., like that tennis topical mentioned earlier)?