Welcome aboard! As for your question(s)... Wow, where to begin... There are many topics/discussions here that explain what you need to know, as well as other websites. A couple questions for you.
First don't remove self-adhesive stamps from their backing. More on that later...
By cataloging do you mean how do you organize them in an album?
Many use the term "cataloging" to describe the act of 'identifying and valuing' them in a catalog. I presume from your recent purchase that you're interested in US stamps. The most widely used for US stamps by US collectors is the Scott's U.S Specialized Catalog by Amos Publishing. We'll give you some suggestions on how and where to get these too.
I presume the hinge doohickeys your talking are like little envelopes with a clear front the a split back?

Not a hinge like this:

What are you using for an album?
Are you also planing to collect Non-US Stamps? It may be too early for you to tell but what are your initial inclinations?
Jeff