A.d.p.o. Overprints , French Occupation Of Western Lebanon , Turkey Revenues

Very nice FT !
Know nothing about these, shall have to do some study.

Very nice floortrader.

I've not seen so many together before.

To be a little more complete, ADPO meant the administration of the Ottoman Public Debt. ZO is actually the West Zone, ie the current Lebanon.

ADPO came into effect when the Ottoman Empire was no longer able to cope with its repayments of debts incurred to finance its wars. Suddenly English and French created this structure (OPDA in English) and shared the territories "fiscal". These stamps were usually affixed in addition to Ottoman taxation. This practice survived after the 1914-18 war and the "liberated" populations of the Allies had to pay these repayments well after the disappearance of the Ottoman Empire ...

Perf 12,
you do some amazing work on this forum....Thank you.

Perf 12 you posted "the "liberated" populations of the Allies" did you mean to say the liberated populations of the Central Powers ???

Populations liberated BY the Allies (including the forces of the Arab Revolt), which in due course had to be liberated from British and French rule!

The study of the Turkish a Great powers debt is a complicated history
with many actors in banking ,politicians, that spanned over decades
and decades.In the list below a resumé of the debt situation in the Ottoman (ex) empire.
on the 28th of july 1920:

CAPITAL: France England Germany
Public debt Frs.: 2,454,417,377 577,499,821 867,583,506
Private companies .: 830,856,000 235,818,675 575,903,000


IN PERCENTAGE: France England Germany
Public debt%: 60.31 14.36 21.31
Private companies: .. 50.58 14.36 35.06

Total ...% 59.28 14.68 26.04
France had a huge chunk of investements in many sectors..so in fact the local
populations under foreign mandats paid the debt through the overprinted stamps and through
other dubious tax collecting systems...
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The flip side of the benefits of managing ADPO was the increased temptation of moral hazard for the government. This is a problem that could be at the heart of the persistent fiscal difficulties faced by the Ottoman Empire. The credibility of the guarantee offered by ADPO's European investors, not to mention the surpluses ceded to the Empire from 1903, reduced the incentives for the Ottoman government to implement a more dynamic reform policy in the regions. areas of finance and taxation and encouraged the easy solution, with the reckless contraction of new debts that led once again to near-bankruptcy.
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Chart showing the fiscal surplus paid to the ottomane govt. by the
ADPO administrators.1903-1913 (in thousands :Lira Turk)

floortrader, Its a nice collection, *** Edited by Staff - Please review the rules that you agreed to when you registered. ***

Here are more O.P.D.A. stamps from Judaica Palestine ,have not place these on a album page yet but my info card that I wrote up after a search for info.