These were sold by private vending machine companies in their own brand/type of machines. The US post office sold them imperforate stamps in sheets and the perforation/separation method was applied by the private companies. See:
http://www.stampsmarter.com/1847usa...rfs.html#UAVA major collection of these:
http://www.stampnewsonline.net/View...Vendings.pdfMost what you have here are Schermack type III. In the enlarged group of images (for which we thank you), the 2nd row left stamp and 3rd row right stamp are normal stamps with perfs trimmed off, if you examine them carefully. The 3rd row left stamps could be just an imperf stamp that was issued that way or might also be trimmed.