Quote:
How do you do to know the exact position?
Hi, Captain Stamp,
If enough of the design is visible, every 1851-57 3-cent imperforate stamp can be attributed to one of the 2,600 positions on the 13 plates/plate states.
Since there were three different reliefs on the transfer roll used to enter the designs into the plate, identifying a stamp's relief can be a good starting point.
The initial entry into the plates was not satisfactory, so the workers tried re-entering the designs from the transfer roll on some of the plates. The effects of these re-entries, including double transfers, can be used to identify which plate-state a stamp was printed from. For example, plate 1 was re-entered during the orange brown period, resulting in early and intermediate plate states for #10/10A.
Additionally, all 2,600 positions had some parts of the design recut by hand, mostly without the use of a straight-edge, to strengthen the design elements. As a result, all 2,600 positions are unique, like a fingerprint. The heavy recutting done to plate 1 in 1851, as shown above, resulted in the third (late) state, of plate 1 (plate 1L). The diagram below from Carroll Chase's book shows what parts of the design have been recut by hand.
Since many parts of the design were recut by hand, the combination of recuts can be evaluated to narrow down the candidate positions. The second image below shows the four types of recuts that were done just to the tiny upper-left triangle (image courtesy of ioagoa and myself). This image also shows some frame lines that don't meet at the upper-left corner.
After narrowing the number of candidate positions by recut combinations, the specific position can be identified by the recut traits. The very common one line recut in the upper left corner recut can be evaluated based on the length of the recut and the angle of the recut. For example, one triangle recut line may be aligned with the left edge of the upper-left diamond block and the left inner line, while another position may have a triangle line that is mis-aligned with the other design elements.
The frame lines and inner lines can be evaluated by their length, curves, thickness, and spacing from each other as well as from the main design. For example, the left inner line, which normally stops at the upper-left rosette, extends well into the rosette on some positions, resulting in the "Left Inner Line Runs Up Too Far" variety.
#11s with no inner lines and only the frame lines recut, like your July 11 New York stamp (with an inverted 11) can be the most difficult to plate. However, there are many frame line clues to evaluate, including the curves, the thickness, the spacing from the main design, whether they meet at the corners, and whether they extend beyond the corners.

