Here is an article from
German Postal Specialist, monthly journal of the Germany Philatelic Society (USA) which helps to explain these security stamps.

And, here is a portion of a follow-up article from
German Postal Specialist (June, 1997) on the same subject by Rudolf Anders. He states, "Apparently, some time after the great inflation, in 1924, these stamps were issued after the Reichspost incurred some heavy losses when forgers created fake postal money orders and collected on the same. To combat this sort of loss the Reichspost instituted a system of security stamps with special numbers. The post office created the stamps in denominations of 1,000 Mark and up on watermarked paper with security colors and specialized control numbers. The customers were not aware of the fact that these stamps were affixed on the reverse side of the money order and tied by a special cancel."
"The first such stamps, according to (Martin) Erler measured 30.5 x 54 millimeters and were printed on buff paper with the crosses and circle (revenue) watermarks. Erler writes that 'the round circle features a German (Weimar) eagle. This issue is perforated 14, and color is reddish-brown.' The stamps were slightly changed in 1934. The paper is now white, the watermark is swastika, it's 55 mm tall and the color changed to rose carmine."
Apparently, there are no complete used copies anywhere, as intended. I have never seen an image of the Weimar variety of these security stamps.

Also, from the follow-up
German Postal Specialist article, "After the war the stamps continued to be used but the embossed 'DBP' (Deutsche Bundespost) replaced the eagle and swastika. The watermark was also changed to 'DBP'. A new design was introduced some years later. The exact date is not known, but the new stamps measure 26.5 x 39 mm and are on white paper with the DBP watermark."