Now that I'm home, here are some catalogue prices from my own catalogues. I left out Never Hinged because they were not defined in 1983.
1983:
c13 - Mint: $550, Used: $400, Cover: $500
c14 - Mint: $1350, Used: $800, Cover:$1000
c15 - Mint: $2100, Used: $1250, Cover: $1500
Set: $4000 $2450 $3000
2001:
c13 - Mint: $250, Used: $160, Cover: $175
c14 - Mint: $500, Used: $375, Cover: $400
c15 - Mint: $800, Used: $575, Cover: $600
Set: $1550 $1110 $1175
2010:
c13 - Mint: $225, Used: $150, Cover: $160
c14 - Mint: $475, Used: $350, Cover: $375
C15 - Mint: $615, Used: $550, Cover: $575
Set: $1315 $1050 $1110
Summation:
Mint (2010) minus mint (1983) equals: $1310 - $4000 = -$2690
Used (2010) minus used (1983) equals: $1050 - $2450 = -$1400
Cover (2010) minus cover (1983) equals: $1110 - $3000 = -$1890
Clearly, you are on the right track. Used stamps suffered the smallest loss ($1400) out of the (3) categories over the 17 year period shown, therefore used stamps would be the best investment!

Brian
Edit: sorry for the endless edits. I type faster than I proofread :)