Hi ccholley, welcome to the board!
Regarding value range, there is a range to consider for each stamp which includes the catalog value (typically for VF centering and sound condition) and some other factors. If the stamp has less than VF centering, the value will be less. If the stamp has a crease, thin spot, a tear or other fault, it's value will be much less. On the other hand, if the stamp is with sound condition and very well centered (much better than VF), it's value will typically be more than the catalog value.
Ultimately, the stamp value will be determined at the time of sale which may be different than the catalog value. For example, if you sell to a dealer or on
ebay, the sales price may be much less than the catalog value.
I recommend purchasing a catalog (Scott or Brookman are the typical reference catalogs, you may also purchase a catalog guide from the US Post Office).
-dave