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Taiwanese stamps from this time period say "Republic of China" on it in English.
This is a very common misunderstanding, and Scott compounds the problem by making erroneous/misleading section titles. My purpose is not to correct anyone's terminology, as the current use has become so widespread, but I did want you all to know the distinction (not just geopolitical, but there is actually a philatelic distinction as well).
As Zhang Cheng stated, Taiwan is a province, not a country. The geopolitical disagreement is whether Taiwan belongs to the People's Republic of China or the Republic of China (please note, I am neutral on this issue, as I have close interaction with Chinese from both groups).
Stamps inscribed "Republic of China" were issued by the Republic of China. They are NOT Taiwanese, even though Scott erroneously labels them as "Taiwan" in the main listing in 1949. Stamps actually issued for Taiwan were from about 1945-1950, corresponding to end of Japanese occupation and the later withdrawal of Nationalist forces to Taiwan. Taiwan stamps are either inscribed or overprinted Taiwan in traditional Chinese script. These stamps can be found under a DIFFERENT section title of "Taiwan" in the Republic of China after the main listings and before the Occupation listings. This section is correctly entitled "Taiwan".
When the Nationalists completed their withdrawal to Taiwan, separate stamps for Taiwan were discontinued because Taiwan was the only major province still being held by the Nationalist forces. Sorry I don't have pics of the Scott catalog to show the incorrect and the correct section titles. Did I confuse everybody?
If not, then read on...
Even though Scott lists stamps under Republic of China with a subtitle in parentheses for Taiwan starting in 1949, the fact is that the Republic of China was established in 1911 along with the overthrow of the Ching (Qing) Dynasty, not in 1949. Scott has a small title "Issues of the Republic" inserted in its listings at 1912. Beginning in 1912, stamps of China were either overprinted or inscribed with Republic of China in Chinese script. That is where the "Republic of China" title should be in the Scott catalog, instead of 1949. In 1949, the Nationalist forces of the Republic of China fled the mainland to the island province of Taiwan (ceded by Japan in 1945). The Communist forces of the People's Republic of China had complete control of the mainland. It has essentially been status quo since then.
Regarding the English inscription "Republic of China" -- I believe these first appeared on stamps in 1953, but only intermittently. If I remember correctly, the English inscription did not start appearing on every ROC stamp until the late 1960s.
OK, I know nobody will remember all that.
Just remember, as Zhang Cheng stated, Taiwan is a province of China. Actual Taiwan stamps are in a subsection after the main listings for the Republic of China. It has become commonplace for many Americans to use Taiwan and Republic of China interchangeably, but technically they are not the same thing.