Up to 1990 West Germany put Deutsche Bundespost on their stamps (Deutsche Bundespost Berlin for...you guessed it, West Berlin). East Germany stamps have DDR or Deutsche Demokratische Republik on them. After reunification all German stamps are simply labeled Deutschland.
Weimar and Third Reich stamps have Deutsches (or Grossdeutsches) Reich on them.
There's a whole lot more (occupation, locals etc.) but these are the basics I guess.
