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How does one "re-gum"? Is it legit or some kind of fraud?
In general there is no legitimate reason to regum a stamp. A regummed stamp value is the same as an ungummed stamp and adding gum can do damage.
Some regummers have gotten very good and can be very difficult to detect. There are a number of articles out there that can help. I think the best way to detect a regum is if you have examples of legitimate original gum from the same series of stamps to compare it to. That is, if all the stamps from the series have a brownish tint to the gum and you get a stamp that is whitish gum that's probably a give away. Unfortunately many of us don't have the inventory to do that, but that plus experience is probably the best way for most of us.
Here are a few clues I use:
original gum is generally smooth and even. It might be discolored, but in general it shouldn't be all crackly with lines criss-crossing.
Original gum is applied to the whole sheet. Then when a stamp is separated, little bits of paper fiber get exposed at the tips of the perfs. When a stamp is regummed it is hard to avoid getting gum on those tips. So if the fuzzy bits have gum on them it is a sure sign of regumming. To prevent this detection some regummers will slice the ends of the perfs. So if all the perfs are cut straight and there are no fuzzy bits - that is suspicious.
I can't say I'm an expert at this, but I think I can detect most regummings. Eventually the certification folks have tools and experience way beyond what most of us have. I've had stamps I thought were OG come back as RG. As regummers get better at disguising their work it gets harder for us.