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Esperanto Postcard From The Occupied Netherlands, 1940

 
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Pillar Of The Community
United States
1430 Posts
Posted 11/28/2017   10:57 pm  Show Profile Bookmark this topic Add erilaz to your friends list Get a Link to this Message



This is one of my favorite pieces from my collection. It's a postcard mailed on 21 August 1940 from Dordrecht to Palermo. Since the Netherlands had surrendered to Germany on 15 May, this postcard had to pass through the German censors, hence the Wehrmacht censor stamp. I haven't been able to find anything about the "117" stamp on it, though, whether it's a routing number, the individual censor's number, or what; if someone with a better knowledge of WWII censored mail (or at least a better reference library!) could enlighten me, I'd appreciate it.

What's most interesting about this postcard (to me, at least) is that it was written in Esperanto and was unmistakably promoting the use of that language during the Nazi occupation. Although Esperanto organizations had already been banned in Germany four years earlier (Hitler regarded Esperanto as a tool of the international Jewish conspiracy), the Nazis didn't immediately crack down on the use of Esperanto in the occupied countries. I haven't been able to find out precisely when the use of Esperanto was banned in correspondence between the Netherlands (an occupied country) and Italy (an Axis power), though I have read that it was banned in correspondence between the Netherlands and Belgium in November 1940. All Esperanto organizations in the Netherlands were dissolved by decree on 20 March 1941.

The text reads:
Dordrecht, 21 Aug. [19]40.
Dear Samideano [Fellow Esperantist],
How are you doing? Are you "Venente" [Italian for "coming"] again? Much has happened recently, but in spite of everything, I am doing well and have had a pleasant vacation. I was in the Hague, Haarlem, and Sliedrecht, a village very close to Dordrecht, and I did a lot of bicycling.
Desiring all the best for you, I salute you as a fellow Esperantist,
Annie M. van Peere.
Netherlands.

"Much has happened recently" — what a masterpiece of understatement!

I suppose that Sinjorino van Peere wrote in Esperanto to correspond with Sinjoro Cimino simply because it was their only common language, but why would she use a postcard blatantly promoting this language that had the disfavor of the occupying power? Was she making a bold statement, or was she simply ignorant of the Nazis' stance on Esperanto? Either way, I hope she didn't have to pay the price for it.
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Pillar Of The Community
United States
572 Posts
Posted 11/29/2017   09:32 am  Show Profile Bookmark this reply Add John Freibergs to your friends list  Get a Link to this Reply
Beautiful piece of history.
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Pillar Of The Community
United States
2115 Posts
Posted 11/29/2017   10:08 am  Show Profile Check Stamps1962's eBay Listings Bookmark this reply Add Stamps1962 to your friends list  Get a Link to this Reply
The Nazis hated Esperanto. Promoting it was a quick way to prison or worse in any country under their control.
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Pillar Of The Community
Australia
554 Posts
Posted 11/29/2017   9:45 pm  Show Profile Bookmark this reply Add YeaPolska to your friends list  Get a Link to this Reply
The German censors wouldn't have liked it as it wasn't a common language that they were conversant with.

I suppose you all know that Esperanto was invented by a Pole, Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof. The fact that he was Jewish did not go down well with the Nazis.
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Edited by YeaPolska - 11/29/2017 9:49 pm
Pillar Of The Community
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1430 Posts
Posted 11/29/2017   11:12 pm  Show Profile Bookmark this reply Add erilaz to your friends list  Get a Link to this Reply
Indeed. As Ulrich Lins wrote in Dangerous Language: Esperanto under Hitler and Stalin, pp. 125-6:


Quote:
Singled out among the first victims were members of the Zamenhof family. On 4 October, shortly after the German army's entry into Warsaw, members of the Nazi security service arrived at the Jewish Hospital asking for Adam Zamenhof, the head doctor in its ophthalmology department. Adam, son of Lazar Zamenhof, was arrested.

Adam's son, Louis Christophe Zaleski-Zamenhof, is convinced that the Zamenhof family was on a specially prepared list, since the family members were arrested, at various addresses, all on the same day. ... Adam Zamenhof was shot dead on 29 January 1940; his sisters Sofia and Lidia, along with Ida Zimmermann, Lazar's sister, were transported from the Warsaw ghetto in 1942 to Treblinka, where all three perished.
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Valued Member
United States
50 Posts
Posted 01/09/2018   10:50 pm  Show Profile Bookmark this reply Add funbaldguy to your friends list  Get a Link to this Reply
I had no idea that Esperanto had such a fascinating WWII history to it. Thank you for sharing this amazing piece!
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