Perf12 - Great links! Thanks for posting them.
On the whole, however, these numbers simply represent the number of the printed sheet. They don't really add to the value, except, like the article points out, to aid in distinguishing between printings. Some collectors like to try and get the smallest numbers possible, for their collections, but I doubt they are willing to pay premium prices for them.
Exceptions to this are stamps numbered
000,000, which was used for specimens, and do carry a premium.
Rob Roy - Yes, more than 1 stamp will have the same number. In fact every stamp in a particular sheet will have the same number.
To illustrate:
Here is a strip, from the top of the sheet, of the 10c from 1930. The number in the upper right corner is the sheet number
B.160733
When you flip the piece over, you can see the same number repeated on the back of each stamp.

These numbers, as I understand it, were meant for accounting purposes, to control the inventory of sheets.