Catalogues are covered above with the exception of an older publication that provides excellent coverage of proofs and similar:
Lowe, Robson (ed.)
The Encyclopaedia of British Empire Postage Stamps. Volume IV, The Empire in Australasia, Robson Lowe Ltd., London, 1962.
Handbooks are your next step if you want to drill down further.
One to track down (I haven't managed to source a copy) is:
James, N.R. (ed.)
The Postage Stamps of South Australia, Philatelic Society of South Australia, Adelaide, 1949.
There are a number of monograph studies that have been published on individual issues or series of stamps. The so-called "Long Tom" issues have been the subject of several great books.

The Departmental overprints are the subject of another excellent publication,
The Departmental Stamps of South Australia, by A.R. Butler, published by the RPSL.