I have a copy of RH White's, "Encyclopedia of the Colors of US Postage Stamps, Vol III-IV". Although this is an older book that has also environmentally aged, it does provide some interesting information. For example, and you will see it differently on your monitor, here are the range of colors for the 6 cent stamps:

Now I just noticed a section in the back of the Encyclopedia that attempts to help you understand why colors would change, and some methods on getting them back to original color (or preservation of color):

Here is the page for telling how things could affect the 1908-1918 issues. This page goes from 1c to 9c. The 6c orange and red-orange "may darken in sulfur gases" and the sensitive components in that particular issues is "lead chromate":

The next chart states that "peroxide will remove discoloration". However it does not tell you the best methods for using peroxide, so that will have to be experimented with carefully:

I hope these pages help to understand some of the causes of discoloration and some of the techniques to recover those stamps.