Australian Antarctic Territory, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Christmas Island stamps are all valid for postage in Australia. I regularly use them on my local business mail, in the (probably vain) hope of stirring interest in stamps in the recipients. And before you ask, they
can be used on international mail, but we're supposed to use specific International Mail stamps for that purpose. If we use non-International Mail stamps, we're supposed to add 10% extra for GST.
Most of the business letters I send out are oversized, double rate, letters costing $1.20 each. (As they're returning work to clients, I don't mind paying the extra 60c.) Currently, I'm using these Christmas Island crab stamps:

The differences in dates on your FDCs are probably due to differences in first days of issue in Australia and when the stamps reached the Antarctic bases - by ship. There was often quite a lag between issue in Australia and the stamps actually arriving down there.