J A LeGrand (and P Mahe) invented the first perforation gauge in 1866 in France and he set the standard based on 2cm which was the average length of a stamp so that one could count the number of perforations on the stamp. His gauge was actually based on the perforated sides of stamps themselves from different countries and he placed his count in 2 cm besides each one. Later, some specialist started going back and researching perforating machines and found that those early ones used in the U.S., Canada, Great Britain, etc. were based on the Imperial measuring system. See
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacque...philatelist) and
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Mah%C3%A9