Hi Short1! Welcome to the hobby, and to the Forum!
Nice to see you diving into that pile of stamps!

With any question you ask on the forum, you will get a host of different answers. Often there is no right or wrong, everyone's collection is completely individual, and yours will be too.
If you want o pick a year and complete it, might I suggest one of the years from 1950-1980? I started with trying to complete the 1950s decade, and it has proved pretty easy to do, well, I am almost done! Stamps from this decade are cheap and quite common, in many cases easier to get hold of than more recent stamps. That might sound odd, they are so old, must be rare and valuable, right? Not necessarily. Letterwriting was more common in those days, not so many phones, and no internet. Stampcollecting was also more common, so many stamps were kept and have been passed on. There were also fewer stamps issued each year, so fewer needed to complete a year. Compare that with today - few letters or bills etc are sent by post, we email, pay bills online, shop online. Those stamps that are used tend to be self-adhesive, which makes them tricky to soak, and some are lost in the process. Recent stamps are available in mint condition, aimed at collectors, but these can be expensive.
I'm not trying to put you off collecting modern stamps, I am just comparing the two!
If you are collecing US stamps you will need access to a Scott Catalog. This lists all the stamps issued from the very first, and gives an idea of value. If you are going to collect 2011/12, you will need an up to date catalog. These may be available in your local library. To buy a full catalog new can be expensive. Older ones can be picked up second hand, and would do for older stamps. Or I believe there are more basic catalogs available for US stamps, Something produced by the PO at around $20?

perhaps a US member can help out with info on that?
A stock book is a good start to your organisation. I'll leave it to others to advise on albums, or you may want to make your own, lots of info on downloadable and design-your-own album pages in other threads.
For sorting, most people sort by country and then year, then date of issue. If you are just doing a rough sort then what Rod says is ideal. You can also use clear polypockets in binders to sort. I have several of these binders. Some have a country per polypocket, or when I start organising a country in more detail, I will start splitting them into a year per polypocket.
To do an initial sort of your US, you might want to think about keeping obvious sets together, and keeping definitives and commemoratives separate. Just to make it easier when it comes to final sort/ID.
Your sorting and storage methods will change and develop to what suits you and your collection. The important thing is to see and handle as many stamps as you can, this way you will find out what really appeals to you and your path (or likely, Paths!) will become clearer.
Stay on the forum and keep posting!
