I primarily use filtered long-wavelength UV to detect those problems.
It may show up as slightly brighter spots/blotches, or it may show up as slightly darker. It's relative to how much the stamp paper fluoresces. But in general, you will see marked change in the fluorescence at affected areas.
I check everything, including album pages. I usually check them with the desk/room lights off.
Regarding precautions, long wavelength UV is not as dangerous as short wavelength UV. However, the general precautions are essentially the same:
1. Avoid direct line of sight to the UV bulb.
2. Avoid large reflective surfaces and large metallic surfaces.
3. If you have one of those "brick" lamps, do not set it on your thigh with it on. If you aren't going to use the lamp again for 1-2 minutes, then turn off the lamp (otherwise, whatever surface you set the powered lamp on will slowly get warm).
4. Minimize the amount of exposure to your skin. Go out if you want a suntan.
Most philatelic UV lamps are relatively low power, so there is minimal danger and you really don't need protective eyeware or clothing. But if you roughly observe the above pre-cautions (especially #1), you should be able to use your UV lamp 1-2 hours a day throughout the year without any real danger.
Enjoy your UV lamp and your stamps!

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