Need Help With Terms & References For French Colonies Mat'l

I've picked up a couple of France- and colonies-related selections that I'm not familiar with, and I'm hoping someone here knows about them.

>> French Colonies

(1) Are these proofs? This is not my area, but I seem to recall reading auction descriptions where they are customary among some former French colonies.

(2) Is there a catalog that lists and prices them? Possibly a specialized French catalog?

(3) What is the French term for these?

Any light that anyone can shed on this? I would be really appreciative!

(Apologies for the photos rather than scans. If I offer these up for sale, I'll prepare scans.)

I wish I could help, but there are so many nations' stamps to which I don't pay attention. So many in the modern period produce stamps for hobbyists, and in such volumes and volumes. I hope someone can help.

Nearly all stamps printed by the French postal printhouse are produced in this deluxe proof - 'epreuve deluxe' form.
Some are quite expensive but the more recent ones especially from the colonies not so much e.g. around €10 which is ostill often a magnitude more than the stamps.
You may be able to find rough prices in the Maury colonies catalogue as they list these in the one for France - http://www.philatelix.fr/fr/produit...-afrique.php

Otherwise check auction sites for realistic prices.
I am a fan of these too (for engraved issues) as they really show off the stamp design.

The other main proof is the artists proof (epreuve d'artiste) which is created during the stamps creation and is significantly more expensive due to increased rarity.
I would be wary of deluxe proofs being passed off as artist proofs with fake signatures.

These proofs are all too modern ,they sell for 2 or 3 dollars a piece on ebay and are found in bulk lots at many auctions.It appeals to inexperience collectors .

Thanks very much to all 3 of you for your replies!

Anthony, thanks for the French terms and the link. I used to be able to pretty functional in French, but that was a long time ago, and before I became interested in stamps again in my 30's. ... I'm also wondering if you have any thoughts about my other post on French first day "cards"? (Not sure what they are called either.) https://goscf.com/t/46747