I am not sure on the correct verbiage here JJ, but what I think happens, as theft prevention the commercial house strikes the stamps on cover, thereby tying the stamp to the cover before it is sent to the Post Office, for mailing and cancelling.
Hence what appears to be either a fiscal or double cancellation. Tony Mac may be able to elaborate.
That seems the most likely explanation, Rod, As you know, there's a near endless variety of these security stamps and markings on Victorian Indian stamps.
There are just far too many of them. They're generally considered simply a nuisance on loose stamps, although if of sufficient interest, they can add a (very) little value to covers.
The periods overlap. These security markings came first, and perfins came later. But perfins probably were intended as a better form of security - than, at its most primitive, writing 'Stamped' across a stamp in pen and ink.
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