Hi, just found this topic and would like to add some comments on Telegraph stamps;
The first and second stamps are, as Cursus mentioned, Telegraph stamps. They are issued in 1885 and discontinued in March 31, 1888 (utilization halted in Feb. 28, 1890).
Telegraph stamps were, of course, used to pay the telegraph fee. The interesting thing about these tiny cute stamps are the variation of the perforation and the dedicated telegraph cancels (Small Double Circle Telegraph Marks).
One can find the same perforation then used for UPU Koban and New Koban stamps, i.e. 8 1/2, 10, 11L (large hole) and 13. Some combination perfs also exist. I found the basic 4 perforations in my stock book.

After April 1, 1888, the telegraph fee were paid by postage stamps, so the telegraph cancels could be found on Koban stamps since then (again some from my stock book). The telegraph cancel could be subdivided into eight major types and numerous variations, thus another interesting thing to play around with in Japanese philately.

Happy collecting !
unechan