I know at least one instance os such stamp.
In 1978, Bulgaria issued a set of stamps commemorating the Philaserdica'79 stamp exhibition.
Next year, the set was re-issued in changed colours. It differed in the issue year on the stamps, as well - 1979 instead of 1978.
It was a usual practice in Bulgaria at that time that all newly released stamps were partially CTOs. So was the case with the said set, nothing unusual.
However, several years later, in 1983, they received supposedly an order from the USSR (the main market for the Bulgarian CTO stamps then) for the re-issued set in the CTO state. No stamps were available, so they found "an easy way out" - printed an additional run as CTO.
Not that usual, yet, it's not the case the topick starter asked about, as the set was available as mint when released.
But...

The 35 stotinki stamp in the re-issued CTO set was unusual - it had the issue year of 1978 but the colours of 1979. This stamp never existed as mint.
Here are all three in the order as tthey were issued:


