Are Those Print Deluxe Or Printer's Proof Stamps?

I have come across these 3 stamps/sets. All of them are gummed.

My questions are:

1) Are blocks from Niger from 1977 (depicting Nobel Prize winners), samples of DeLuxe Prints? They are gummed, unlikely typical DeLuxe Prints, and do not have printers' name at the bottoms. Those blocks are not listed in any catalogue.



2) Is the strip of 3 stamps from Niger from 1964, each stamp in monochrome, a sample of Printer's Proof? The actual stamp has different colour than those 3.



3) Is stamp from Cameroon in monochrome a sample of Printer's Proof? The actual issued stamp has different colours.



You assessment will be greatly appreciated

Adam

*** Moved by Staff to a more appropriate forum. ***

1) Are you positive these are gummed? I've seen this type of release with very slick backs that could be mistaken for gum, and a hinge mark would disturb that slick surface. I suspect (guess only) they are something made for collectors since they are more common than deluxe proofs (épreuves deluxes).

2) These are progressive proofs/trial colors. Typically a whole sheet/pane is printed up with single color prints going across (or down, depending). Then the last design is some combination of the single colors used. When offered in strips, you can see what's going on.

For example:

From a sheet/pane of 50 with the expected normal marginal markings. All columns here would have the same single colors and (usually) different combinations. This one happens to have someone's color notes in pencil. And there will be other sheets/panes with other colors and combinations. (not my proofs)

Your strip is one where the progression goes horizontally. Such a horizontal strip is unwieldy (guessing five stamps across for yours) so it's easily damaged and parts are often cut off for that reason or just to get pieces more appealing to collectors size-wise. So what you have are still progressive proofs, but the 3 don't tell the whole story.

3) Assuming this is the size of the issued stamp, I'm thinking this is another progressive proof single, since the issued stamp is in 2 colors.

Thank you for explaining progressive proofs/trial colors. I will check whether it's indeed gum on the first lot. The rest is now clear for me.

*bump*
The first group of Niger proofs are indeed deluxe proofs/epreuves deluxe. They are also gummed. The FFAP lexicon says the deluxe proofs have come this way since 1992.